Hello, Today I'm going to explain what a HbA1c is and how it is calculated. HbA1c stands for Hemoglobin A1c, and it is a measure of the average amount of glucose in your blood over the past two to three months. It is used to diagnose diabetes and monitor how well diabetes is being managed. HbA1c is measured as a percentage of total hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. When glucose binds to hemoglobin, it forms a compound called glycosylated hemoglobin (or glycated hemoglobin). The higher the level of glycosylated hemoglobin, the higher your HbA1c level will be. The HbA1c test measures the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin in your blood. The test results are expressed as a percentage, with normal levels ranging from 4-6%. A higher percentage indicates that you have higher levels of glucose in your blood over time, which can be an indication of diabetes or poor diabetes management. To calculate HbA1c, doctors use a formula that takes into account the amount of glucose in your blood over time and the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin present in your red blood cells. The formula takes into account both short-term fluctuations in glucose levels as well as long-term trends over time. In conclusion, HbA1c is an important measure for diagnosing and managing diabetes. It measures the average amount of glucose in your blood over two to three months by measuring the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin present in your red blood cells. Doctors use a formula to calculate this value from both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends over time. I hope this has been helpful!